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History of the day of the monthAny typos are as a result of direct translation of the original French. During centuries which followed the installation of the Julien calendar (to which Jules César gave his name) which was calculated on the basis of 365,25 day; the astronomers thought that it corresponded to the tropical year, counted of a solstice of the following.However, it was longer eleven minutes, that is to say a little more than three days in four hundred years but nobody felt the need for modifying it. Christianity took again of them the principal elements (name and duration of the months, February comprising a twenty-ninth day every four years, it be-with saying leap years) which remained throughout Middle Ages. With regard to the Easter, strong time of the ecclesiastical year, it was decided that it would fall Sunday following first full moon from spring. Moreover, the beginning of spring had already been fixed at March 21 by the Council of Nicée. Mathematically, the first moon of spring was to thus intervene at the latest on April 18. However, it appeared to the astronomers of the end of the Middle Ages that this moment arrived always earlier. Towards the XVI 2nd century end, the difference rose already at ten days, because the year of the Julien calendar was too long 11 minutes and 14 seconds is 0.0078 day. 
February 24, 1582 at the end of long deliberations. one agreed on the reform of
the pope Gregoire XIII who signs the bubble "Inter gravissimes"
marking the entry into force of the "Gregorian" calendar and issues in
particular that for imperative reasons for astronomical order, ten days whole
will have to be cancelled this year.The shortly after the 4 this month was the 15. So that the error does not reproduce any more. some share had to be taken again 0.0078 day per year. The adopted solution was as follows: among the last years of the century (1600, 1700. 1800. etc), only those whose numeral expression was divisible by 400 were in the future to be bissextile. Thus, in spite of the four-year cycle, February 29 was and will be removed in 1700. 1800. 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300, etc. Moreover. it is necessary to give up all the four thousand years one additional 29 February.  The catholic countries, the Gregorian calendar, from now on correct from the astronomical point of view came into effect on October 15, 1582. Protestant Germany adopted it for its part on March 1, 1700. England endorsed it only in 1752. Greece was one of the last countries to follow the movement. in 1923. Thus, we always live on the basis of calendar inherited Antiquity, curiously imperfect in this XXI 2nd century. The division of the week in seven days is an older heritage still, which comes us from Babylon. It does not rest on any astronomical basis, but rather astrological, just as the name of the days, each one being placed under the influence of a significant star as the priests of Babylon decided some.
The Scandinavian countries baptized the days of the week of the name of their gods: Tuesday-tuesday dedicated to the Tiw god, Wednesday-wednesday with Woden, name teuton of Odin, Friday-friday with the Frigga goddess. The practice to register in red Sunday and black the six other days goes up in XVIème century, the red honouring the majesty with the sun. |
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